AICE Argumnetative Essay Samples

AICE Argumnetative Essay SamplesThe AICE is a unique practice that focuses on effective essay writing through conversational English and analytical approaches. This is an excellent choice for students considering going back to school, because there are certain standards that are met by this course that are not met in any other degree program. You may not be prepared for the rigors of college life, but you will definitely learn how to prepare and write well in English class. AICE is an ideal course for those who want to have a higher level of competency than they can achieve with traditional writing classes.While the work you have to do for college is considerably different than your work during high school, there are some basic things that you will need to be able to do as well. If you have the discipline and the will to work hard to write good essays, you can certainly excel in college. AICE offers so many great methods of learning and writing for those students who want to show the ir potential and be as good as their professors expect them to be. The curriculum at AICE is truly a creative and varied one, so you may find that you feel that you can't learn everything you need to know about literature. This is why you should consider taking AICE if you plan to go back to school.Here is a look at some of the AICE argumnetive essay samples. The first essay is called 'Reminiscing the Small Things,' and it focuses on recalling the most special moments in your life. It contains examples of quotations and journal entries you have written as well as quotes from motivational speakers, poetry, and various films. The essay is based on an essay question, which is given to the students, and they are allowed to include whatever they want in the essay. This makes it very easy for the students to get ideas on how to begin the essay and also to determine what you think would be a good place to start.The second essay sample is called 'How Would Your Life Have Been Different if Y ou Had Read A Certain Book Before College?' It discusses a hypothetical situation where the student would like to know how he or she would have changed the course of the student's life if they had read a certain book before attending college. You can use the information you have gained throughout the essay to make sure that you can begin your own life as well as to determine why certain things happen to you and not others.The third essay sample is called 'What Are You Thinking About?' It discusses how to begin an essay by thinking about what you want to say, and what you have to say, and then presenting yourself and your arguments to the reader. In this example, the student is talking about life, about happiness, and about the proper way to handle certain situations.The other AICE argumnetive essay samples discuss education, personal goals, work, sports, and the nature of success. You will notice that there are a few examples that focus on an academic subject and a few that deal wit h something that is more interesting to you. It's good to see that the professors have been able to incorporate things that you will find interesting into the syllabus for the courses that you will be taking.Do you want to know what types of topics to write about and what topics to avoid? The AICE has a syllabus designed to help you find the answers to these questions. Once you are confident that you will be able to write your college essays effectively, you will be able to tell all of your friends that you took the AICE!

What the Audience Learns about the Characters of Macbeth...

What the Audience Learns about the Characters of Macbeth and Banquo Macbeth is a play written by Shakespeare in 1606. The play itself is a twisting tragedy, showing that even the strongest of people can be influenced in the wrong way. The play portrays the collapse of Macbeth: a trusted, brave, loyal servant of Scotland, but under the influence of evil he slowly turns into a malicious murderer. Throughout the beginning of the play you have been introduced to the characters of: the evil and scheming witches, who are plotting to give Macbeth two predictions: that he is going to be the Thane of Cawdor and King. Since Macbeth is an ambitious person he will peruse these dreams and predictions. Also†¦show more content†¦This is because; he wants his own glory, if they can see his future he wants to benefit from their predictions to; unlike Macbeth he doesn’t entirely trust the witches and thinks they are treacherous and very deceitful. Soon after in the play, the witches begin to brainwash him with their predictions so much that he almost begs for them to stay and envisage more. I can prove this with this quote: â€Å"Stay you imperfect speakers. Tell me more. Speak I charge you.† Macbeth is a very commanding person but he has weaknesses: Glory and ambition, even though not necessarily a bad trait, but the witches have started brainwash him to use it for bad purposes to get what he wants and cause chaos. Unlike Macbeth, Banquo is mentally stronger and yet again doesn’t wholly trust the witches, nether does he plead them to stay, however he wouldn’t mind hearing his future. I can support by point with this quote: I neither beg nor fear your favours or your hates.† Banquo isn’t afraid of the witches and their supernatural-powers, however he to wants to know his future like Macbeth. After the witches have left; Macbeth is still dazed at the predictions about the Kingship but also he doesn’t want to show his true feelings about all of the predictions; so he discreetly brings up the subject to Banquo. â€Å"Your children shall be Kings.† Already Macbeth feelsShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Study Guide1002 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth Study Guide Macbeth Study Guide Act 1 1. What reason can you think of as why Macbeth is first introduced to us through the witches? E.g.To tell us, that Macbeth was a good guy before he’s darkest wish has been prophesied or for tolled. We learn how Macbeth deals with the prophecy towards the witches have told him 2. Explain what you think is meant by the paradoxical: Fair is foul, foul is fair. E.g. Good is bad, bad is good towards the witches? Macbeth is a fair man who appearsRead MoreThe Human Mind And Act Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1324 Words   |  6 Pagesmanipulation? In the play Macbeth, Shakespeare suggests that choices are a creation of the human mind and act as a way for people to feel as though they have control when they are ultimately ruled by fate. He accomplishes this by leading the audience through a series of choices that several characters make and how they eventually meet their fate, specifically Macbeth himself. Although other characters make choices that aid Macbeth in his destiny, Macbeth s Shakespeare shows the audience that no amount ofRead MoreThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare some time between 1603 and 1606 and is set in Scotland around 1040. The time it was written coincides with the reign of King James the First of England. King James showed a great interest in witches and powers of the supernatural and Macbeth was arguably written to impress the king in what were violent times. Shakespeare used witches as pivotal characters to create a catalystRead More The Third Murderer in Macbeth Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesThe Third Murderer in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   There is much speculation as to who the third murderer is who assisted in the slaying of Banquo. Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and one of the Weird sisters are a few of the best candidates as to filling this role. Each of these three main characters has their own motive as to why they would want to join in on the assassination. Out of these three possibilities of filling this third murderers role, all have reasons as to why they could or could not fill theRead MoreRole of the Witches in Macbeth1040 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play about morals and how people can be easily influenced. The audience at the time when the play was written were more superstitious than we are. They believed in witches and thought that they were the devils disciples. They were believed to be able to control the weather, blamed many things, such as outbreaks of disease on them. The first people to meet the Witches are Banquo and Macbeth. They find the witches appearance is vile. We can see this as Banquo says that â€Å"(they) look notRead MoreThe Character of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesThe Character of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play The play Macbeth addresses many complex issues throughout. The main one of these revolves around the theme of â€Å"ambition†. We gain our first insight into the main character â€Å"Macbeth† through other people’s opinions in Act 1, Scene 2. The aim of this is to build the suspense and intrigue surrounding Macbeth. The play gives the audience plenty of opportunity to contemplate Macbeth’s actions and influences. In thisRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1682 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced to Macbeth in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth he is illustrated as a loyal warrior hero to Scotland. Macbeth’s recognition on the battlefield helps gain him great honor from King Duncan who later announces him as Thane of Cawdor. However, throughout the play the audience is able to discover his human flaws. Ironically, his first characteristic of being a mighty powerful man actually changes to be a weak man who gets stepped all over on. Through his soliloquies for instance, the audience can readRead MoreMacbeth: the True Nature of Man898 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the author tries to show the true nature of man by using the play s main character, Macbeth, as an example. He is overly ambitious, courageous, and self-doubting. Throughout the play, Shakespeare displays these characteristics to the audience through Macbeth to show the true nature o f man. At the end of the play, these characteristics ultimately lead to Macbeth s downfall. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is described as being valiant.Read MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1262 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth is a play about the inner struggles of a man who is informed of his possible rise to power, and how those inner struggles ultimately lead to his downfall. The story begins with three weird sister, or witches, planning to meet Macbeth (1.1.1-7). When the weird sisters meet with Macbeth and Banquo, in Act 1, Scene 3, they tell them of three prophecies. The first prophecy, that comes true right away, is that Macbeth will be titled Thane of Cawdor, which the audience learned of inRead MoreAnalysis of Macbeth Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Macbeth Macbeth, is one of the greatest tragedy plays written by William Shakespeare. It is a rather short play with a major plot that we had to follow it carefully to understand its significance. The play is a tragedy about evil rising to power, which ends up corrupting the main characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In the opening of the play Macbeth is introduced to the audience as Thane of Glamis and is respected. The witches also play a major part in the

Afghanistan s Geography Afghanistan - 1527 Words

Afghanistan’s Geography: Afghanistan is a country that is rich in history and war. Going back to early human civilization, many empires resided in this country. This country’s history is so vast some experts say that the relics and artifacts are just a grand as the artifacts from Egypt. â€Å"Lying along important trade routes connecting southern and eastern Asia to Europe and the Middle East, Afghanistan has long been a prize sought by empire builders, and for millennia great armies have attempted to subdue it, leaving traces of their efforts in great monuments now fallen to ruin.† (Dupree, et al., 2016) Afghanistan is landlocked country that boarders seven countries, located in south-central Asia. The nearest body of water is over 300 miles away. â€Å"Because of both its isolation and its volatile political history, it remains one of the most poorly surveyed areas of the world.† (Dupree, et al., 2016) With the rugged terrain holds a rugged trail of women’s rights. Soviet Influence and women rights: â€Å"The Afghans concluded a treaty of friendship with the new Bolshevik regime in the Soviet Union. During soviet influence, the country had made progressive strides for women rights: â€Å"In 1964, Afghan women were granted the right to vote. The 1977 constitution clearly stated in its article 27 that â€Å"women and men, without discrimination have equal rights and obligations before the law. By the late 1970’s, female students outnumbered male students in Kabul. (Noury Speciale, 2016) Even theShow MoreRelatedCultural Awareness And Characteristics Within The Afghanistan Culture1732 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Awareness and characteristics within the Afghanistan culture. There are five major characteristics that define a culture; they are learned, shared, symbols, integrated, and dynamic. Culture is learned. It is not biological; we do not inherit it. Much of learning culture is unconscious. We learn culture from families, peers, institutions, and media. The process of learning culture is known as enculturation. While all humans have basic biological needs such as food, sleep, and sex, the wayRead MoreAfghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear Have Both Fixed Their Eyes?1466 Words   |  6 PagesAfghanistan , a buffer state between two super powers in the first half of 20th century, was pulled into war during the latter half, first against the USSR and then against the local rival groups or militias. The 21st century yet again brought this country into another conflict. This time it was the West led by the Americans and their puppet Pakistan, the former allies in driving out Russia from Afghanistan. The traditional buffer state of Afghanistan, due to its location at the cross roads of AsiaRead MoreThe 9 / 11 Terrorists Attacks And Background1375 Words   |  6 Pagesplane wrecks and tragic deaths. On the reconstruction of buildings and also families. We don’t take time to look at what really happened before the attacks and the events that laid the path for them. We need to look deep into what Jihadism is, the Afghanistan crisis, and Osama Bin Laden’s life and followers to really get a good view on what led up to the 9/11 attacks. To understand Jihadism we first need to look at the religion of Islam. In Islam there are five pillars people need to follow: â€Å"To acceptRead MoreAfghanistan Of The Soviet Union1499 Words   |  6 PagesFor over 2 centuries, Afghanistan has known virtually no time without war. Beginning around 326 B.C. with the conquests of Alexander the Great, to the Persians, British, Russians and most recently, America and our NATO allies, Afghanistan has been cultivated into the country that it is today through a trial by fire. Regardless of this relentless onslaught of foreign military power, the Afghan people have tirelessly defended their homeland with no outside power ever being able to subdue them completelyRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Highlighting the Plight of Afghanistan1691 Words   |  7 Pagesbackbone of his novels. Born in Kabul, Afghanistan on March 4, 1965, Hosseini loved poetry and kite fighting. When he turned five, he moved with his family to Tehran. Here, Hosseini taught his family’s Hazara cook how to read and write, showing Hosseini an early view into the cruelties of the world and the po wer of words (Esten). After a stay in Iran, Hosseini had returned to Kabul by 1973; however, the instability forced him to move to Paris. When Afghanistan was plunged into more chaos with theRead MoreGlobal War On Terrorism And Terrorism1367 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal War on Terrorism is a metaphor of war referring to the global military campaign led by the United States of America. The war is a NATO operation being led by the U.S. Being a NATO operation, it automatically brings more than 20 allies to the U.S.’s side of the conflict. The U.S. also has multiple non-NATO allies in the War on Terror. The war has been ongoing for just over 15 years, and has been one of the longest wars in the history of the U.S. The location is global, of course, it is in the nameRead MoreRussia, The Mid East, And North Afric An American Perspective On Geographic Issues2168 Words   |  9 PagesPatsy Ramos Prof. Volkman Geo 101 11 May 2015 Russia, the Mid-East, and North Africa: An Americans viewpoint on Geographic Issues Of Russia, Afghanistan, and Morocco Russia has been an American â€Å"hot spot† since the middle of the First World War when the Bolshevik Revolution ended Russian support for the Allied Powers. Russia is a perennial superpower. Culturally, famous literary figures include Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Nabakov. Musically, Russia introduced the world to Stravinsky, TchaikovskyRead MoreThe Culture Of Iran Is A Major Element Of Cultural Competence1683 Words   |  7 Pagesleading Iran. Throughout the years, Iran was involved in many conflicts while still today holding its own against other countries in the world. Iran is located within the Middle East with the bordering countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkey. As early as the period of the Romans, Iran had many types of leaders, conflicts and enemies in the world. Their government structure is similar to most countries such as the United States and Britain. The only difference theyRead MoreCulture : The Light Of A Society1097 Words   |  5 Pagessecurity for their parents. Despite all of these indications of women subjection to the men, women often played an influential role within the family unit, society, and many were admired and honored for their talents. Nonetheless, I was raised in Afghanistan. A place that is multicultural and multiethnic. Geographically it is a landlocked country, which is known as the heart of Asia. Afghan culture is rich in social customs. Afghans tend to be very social and ties among families and friends are veryRead MoreThe Security And Privacy Of Citizens Essay810 Words   |  4 Pages†¦ ‘To a large extent, terrorists organizations cannot survive without fundings from drugs,’ Perl said. He called terrorists’ need for drug-trafficking profits ‘addictive.’ †¦ ‘Two days before September 11th, Casteel noted, ‘we sized a 53 kilo[gram]s of Afghan heroin in New York. It was being distributed by Colombians, to show you the [narco-teror] link.’ Clear and omnipresent is the link between terror and illicit drugs. A problem that Americans have faced for a long time; â€Å"The United States is

Cash Piles Alongside Stockpiles of Shares Repurchases

Question: Discuss about Cash Piles Alongside Stockpiles of Shares Repurchasesthe . Answer: Introduction Substantial attention of media has been dedicated to the rise in cash holdings among the companies in the United States. A record level has been hit by cash piles alongside stockpiles of shares repurchases at the large United States firms. The investigators in this present article have devoted their time and energy to probe the evolution of cash holdings of the United States companies right from year 1980 and to showcase the possibility of such evolution being explicated on the basis of alterations in conventional cash holdings determinants (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The investigators sought out to accomplish these objective by documenting a secular upsurge in cash holdings of characteristic companies in the United States between 1980 and 2006. The scholars utilized a regression of average cash to assets ratio on time and constant to showcase that time had a significant non-negative coefficient. The insinuation of this revelation is that average cash to assets ratio has escalated by 0.46 percent annually (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The authors also manifested this evolution by showing that the cash ratio has exceedingly doubled between 1980 (10.5 percent) and 2006 (23.2 percent). It was hence essential to probe whether the sudden upsurge in cash holdings arises from urgency problems, denotes an irregularity that disapproves the prevailing corporate cash holdings determinant theories or emerges from alterations in characteristics of companies alongside business environments of firms. The mean cash to assets ratio for the industrial companies in the United States have exceedingly doubled between the years 1980 and 2006. The economic significance measure of such an upsurge is that the average company at the end of 2006 is able to retire every debt obligations with holdings in cash. The ratios of cash rise was a result of the cash flow of companies becoming riskier. It also arose due to the companies change: These firms held less stock alongside receivables with increased research and development activities. The precautionary motive for holding cash has a key role to play when explicating the upsurge in ratios of cash. However, the authors of this article discovered no consistent proof relating agency conflicts to the rise in these ratios. It was concluded that many US firms hold cash for forestalling distress as well as default (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The authors documented the sudden upsurge between 1980 and 2006 in the mean cash ratios for the firms in the United States. It was shown that the surge was more pronounced among companies which do make dividend payments, those in more latest initial public offers listing groups alongside companies in industries which undergo highest rise in volatility of idiosyncratic. Upon documenting the the rise in holdings of cash, it was deducted that the primary reasons for the upsurge in cash ratio are the fallen stock, increased risk for firms cash flow, fallen capital spending alongside increased research and development spending. It was noted that the alterations in the above mentioned variables differ with respect to the overal rise in cash holdings crossways optional empirical models of holdings of cash. Nevertheless, the conclusions by the authors remained robust. The authors noted that the rise in cash flow holdings was linked to the vastly examined rise in risk of idiosyncratic. Latest evidence of a declining risk of idiosyncratic could make firms to ultimately decrease their respective cash holdings if the increase is sustained. Such will give a convincing explanation for the peaking cash ration in the year 2004 in the authors sample. The authors also concluded that the rise in stock was to probably be prolonged. The authors also noted that the higher significance of research and development with respect to capital spending had a lasting impact on these cash ratios. Authors also discovered that the investment opportunities for research and development remained expensive to finance compared to capital utilizing capital spending. Intensity of greater research and development accordingly in relation to capital spending needed companies to hold a higher cash holdings vis--vis upcoming shocks to cash flows produced internally. The authors gave evidence showing that the rise in ratios of cash could significantly be explicated by the firms features alterations over the used sample and less explained substantially by alterations with respect to the link between characteristics of firms and holdings of cash. The proof given by the authors aligned with prevailing evidence indicating that it is critical to hold cash as a precautionary motive which is a key determinant of the demand for cash. Even though derivative markets has expanded suddenly, the proof given by authors show that companies are faced with diverse risks beyond hedging or hesitant to hedge with derivatives. The authors acknowledged a significant variation across cash holdings that is never explained by the underlying model used in the study. Nevertheless, the agency problem had no capability of explicating the authors evidence aggregately. The authors particularly held that no evidence existed to show that ratios of cash increase abundantly for companies with increasingly pronounced management or that cash falls values during the period between 1980 and 2006. The authors further recorded the sudden decline in the United States companies net debt between 1980 and 2006. The authors held that in case cash was barely negative debt that it is appropriate to measure it via net debt. They acknowledge the gap in the finance literature which negates the spectacular evolution in net debt of the firms in the United States with respect to the conventional leverage measures. The authors showed that by the year 2006, average companies lacked leverage in case it was measured based on net debt. The authors concluded that the growing significance of cash has to be considered during the evaluation of the financial situation as well as in the assessment of decisions of capital structure by companies. The main research question being addressed in this article is why do firms in the United States hold extremely large cash currently compared to the initial periods? The Main Hypotheses The authors held various hypothesis in the study: that the increase in cash holdings was more pronounced among companies which do make dividend payments, those in increasingly latest initial public offers listing groups alongside companies in industries which undergo highest rise in volatility of idiosyncratic. Ceteris Paribus, urgency problems-stricken firms are expected to hold cash in case they lack good opportunities for investing and where their respective management do not wish to give back shareholders their cash. The authors use literature review to get the required data for the investigations and applied various models to affirm the hypothesis. The authors used review of literature method by reviewing evidence and theory to identify the four motives of holding cash among firms as transaction, precautionary, urgency as well as tax motives. Authors affirmed that firm characteristics changes as the reason for increase in cash ratios using a modified type of OPSW model for 1980s utilizing Fama-MachBeth regressions. They attained the coefficient of these model that denoted the mean coefficients from yearly cross-sectional regressions they estimated between 1980 and 1989. The modified OPSW model took into account the net debt alongside net equity that were not captured by other previously used models in the study. The authors also applied the regression models to ascertain whether there was a change in demand functions for the cash holdings. The authors commenced this investigation from regressions that linked cash ratio to changes in firm characteristics over time. The investigators then advanced to probe whether such regressions could explicate the rise in cash ratios via alterations in features of the companies. The main focus was to ascertain whether a regime shift existed with respect to how companies determine respective cash holdings. The Main Findings The authors found out that the main reason for the increase in the cash ratios were the alterations in the characteristics of firms. The authors attached the rise in cash holdings to the alterations in particular features of the specific companies. The authors found out that there were changes in the demand curve for cash holdings from 2000 due to the changes in the characteristics of firms. They noted that the coefficients of the size of the firm shifted from non-positive and significant in 1980s and 1990s to non-negative and significant in early 2000s. This indicates that the latter outcomes are likely manifestations of the upsurge in cash holdings of enormous companies beginning in 2000. The authors also found out the pervasiveness of the cash holdings increment. They gave a table indicating the secular rise in average cash ratio alongside the conforming decline in net debt. They discovered that net debt declined as a result of increased cash holdings by firms instead of firms having reduced debt. They discovered that there was a positive relationship between increase in cash holdings and the size of the firm by sub diving firms into quintiles every year in accordance with book value of respective firms assets at the elapse of previous year. It was discovered that mean cash ratios escalated for company size quintiles between 1980 and 2000 and concluded that mean cash ratio surges crossways individual quintiles but it was more exposed in smaller firms. They also discovered that larger firms showcased enormous increases in cash holdings in later periods. Authors also found out four motives of holding cash among firms as transaction, precautionary, urgency as well as tax motives but narrowed down to precautionary motive manifested through secular upsurge in idiosyncratic risk as the main reason behind the increase in cash holdings by the United States firms. The Main Results The main result found by the authors is that precautionary motive manifested through secular upsurge in idiosyncratic risk is the main reason for the increased cash holdings among the United States firms but urgency conflict had no consequences in the increase in cash holdings. The result showed that there was a change in cash holding demand (precautionary) function. The relations between firm characteristics and cash holding remained consistent generally crossways the models estimated with exclusion of coefficient on capital spending that differed with cash ratios constructions (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). When the indicator variables that permitted the alteration in intercept was incorporated in the 1990s and 2000s, it was discovered that the intercept did not rise in the 1990s while the 2000s intercept was no longer bigger than that of 1980s for Model 4, yet greater for Model six and five. Model 6 and 5 never permitted the exclusion of possibility that a shift in regime explicated the 2000s higher cash holdings (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The results from the 3rd model documented in Panel B that utilized log of ratio of cash to net assets as dependent variable showed that the 2000s intercept coefficient remained non-negative. This suggested an outward shift in the demand curve for the cash that was nor explicated by the alterations in characteristic of the firm (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). Nevertheless, when the shifts in slopes is permitted, the same result no longer hold. Both the indicator variables remained non-positive, yet none of them is significant ate five percent level (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The results also indicated that the intercept declined during the 1990s and subsequently surged during the 2000s, hence during the 2000s, the intercept was the same as during the 1980s. Accordingly, a rise in the intercept could not explicate the greater cash ratios during the 2000a contrasted with the 1980s (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). Numerous significant findings drawn from regression. The Panel B models suggested that cash holdings remained lower than anticipated during the 1990s (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). There was no evidence in Panel B indicating that, provided the characteristics, firms had larger than anticipated cash holdings during the 2000s because of the non-positive interactions for intercepts (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The results also showed that permitting for time variations in coefficients added little to the power of explanatory of regressions. It was also discovered that non-positive relations between firm size and cash holding breaks down during 2000s (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The additional examinations of alterations in intercepts as well as slope were performed cross-sectional for individual year (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The evaluation affirmed the outcomes of the regression indicating a fall in the intercept over time. The explanatory variables interestingly explicate additional of cross-sectional cash holding distribution (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The two coefficients evolution remained interesting in this study: The coefficient of the cash flow risks tends to be insignificant during the early years of sample period, whereas the coefficient of the firm size switched from non-positive and significant in 1980s and 1990s to non-negative and significant in the early 2000s. The latter outcomes most probably manifests the surge in cash holdings of the big firms beginning in 2000 (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). Brief Assessment of the Paper: The rise in cash holdings documented by investigators in this article has significant implications in my understanding of the United States companies leverage. A great proportion of finance literature have sought to measure leverage based on debt ratio to assets or based on debt to equity. Based on this definitions, however, slight evidence exist relating to a decline in mean leverage for companies. It has shown that the drop in net debt is extremely sharp that mean net debt among United States companies is non-positive as reflected between 2004 and 2006. This study is significant since it incorporates the evolution of net debt and uses it to recognize a sharp different deduction regarding present leverage level among the United States companies alongside the leverage evolution over the previous twenty-five years. It has made me to understand that cash holdings increase prominently among firms that fail to make their dividend payments dramatically. It has also made me disprove the notion that upsurge in cash holdings can be ascribed systematically to agency problems in companies. The paper majorly used secondary data and this could have led to forwarding mistakes made by the previous scholars. They could have used both primary and secondary research methods to collected more diverse data which could have boosted the reliability and credibility. Moreover, the principles of triangulation was missing as the data was narrowed down biasedly for the United States firms. A cross-sectional data could have given a more reliable and credible results that could have enabled generalization (Bates, Kahle Stulz, 2009). The sample size was also small as the models used limited certain amount of data leading to increase in probability of error. The main thing that can be learned from this is that it is more appealing and accurate to have both theoretical and empirical data when undertaking analysis. As presented in the article, both theoretical and empirical analysis were done hence disapproving the notion that urgency problems leads to increased cash holdings as has been theoretically conceived initially. References Bates, T. W., Kahle, K. M., Stulz, R. M. (2009). Why do US firms hold so much more cash than they used to?. The journal of finance, 64(5), 1985-2021.

Yanomamo culture an Example by

Yanomamo culture First, I would read any literature that did exist on the culture to learn about their ways of life. If that was not possible, then I would consult my guide and ask him what to expect when we visited. It's important to be open minded about other cultures and the ways that they live, even if they are very different. I might choose read about American culture in the past, before we had any electricity or other things, so that I might understand that we were once like the Yanomamo, too, in certain ways. I would like to be prepared to understand at least the basic differences between our culture and theirs, and be willing to accept what I see even if it is shocking. Need essay sample on "Yanomamo culture" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed I once went to a party where I was the only white person in the room. The rest of the people, about 30 of them, were all African American. Up until that point, although I had always known black people, I had never been in the minority. I was shocked by some aspects of their culture. For example, the party was supposed to start at 1, but no one came then. I was assured this was normal. In fact, no one showed up for over two hours, and when they did, everyone came at once! Everyone was so loud and friendly and there were no apologies for being late, which I found strange. It was just very weird to be entirely surrounded by a race and culture other than my own. Understanding culture is important, but very difficult. It is hard to assimilate our own cultural knowledge with other cultures without feeling like they are "weird" or "wrong." However, that's exactly why it's so important to try to understand the other cultures. The other cultures are simply different, and there's nothing wrong with them. In my situation, I needed to understand that this culture had its own set of rules about behavior, and that what might have been considered very rude and presumptuous to me was considered normal and acceptable to them. For Chagnon, he needed to understand that this culture was an incredibly small and private culture that did not deal well with outsiders, which he was. This culture had probably been hurt by outsiders before, and their reaction was justified. If they appeared large and scary, and had weapons drawn when new people came, those people might be less likely to hurt them. He also learned that the reason they did not wear clothes was becau se it was so hot. He, himself was sweating and extremely uncomfortable when he was dressed, so he could probably imagine that the Yanomamo did not wear clothes for comfort. They were probably also acclimated to the heat, which he was not. All of these different elements were important for Chagnon to understand. Reference Margaret Jank 'Culture shock' Chicago : Moody Press, 1977. R Brian Ferguson 'Warfare, culture, and environment' Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press, 1984.

Discuss Is Socila Stratification Functional Essays

Discuss Is Socila Stratification Functional Essays Discuss Is Socila Stratification Functional Essay Discuss Is Socila Stratification Functional Essay Sociology gives us an in depth insight into social stratification and how it effects our lives. We as individuals are social beings who are ranked in categories within the hierarchy of society, but within our society we have the means to progress up the hierarchy and become part of the elite. Social inequalities are functional for the elite as they are the ones with the power and control over us as we are socially controlled. Social stratification affects the way we think about life. If were born in Ethiopia you would be illiterate and you would expect the same from your children. You would not be surprised when your children died young. Social stratification is a system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige. It is a way of ranking large groups of people into a hierarchy according to their relative privileges. Every society stratifies its members. Some societies have greater inequality than others, but social stratification is universal and can vary due to gender, age and ability When we look at the social stratification system we must take into consideration the five key features: Social stratification is a characteristic of society, not just a reflection of individual differences. Social stratification persists over generations. Social stratification is universal but variable. Beliefs are central to social stratification. Social stratification engenders shared identities. We will also need to explore ‘Open and Closed’ stratification. In describing social stratification in particular societies sociologists (Tumin, 1985) often stress degrees of social closure and mobility that is allowed in the society ‘Closed’ systems allow little change in social position, while ‘Open’ systems permits some mobility. ‘Open stratification social class gives us some degree of social mobility Saunders (1990) believes that Britain is a true meritoracrcy because rewards naturally go to the most able. Saunders uses data from the National Child Development study to show that children who are bright and hard working will succeed regardless of social advantages they experience some misunderstanding. ‘Closed’ stratification refers to systems where social position is ascribed at birth and various social institutes reinforce the stratification system and there is little opportunity to change position ie: The Caste system (Giddens) is extremely elaborate and varies in its structure from area to area, so much so that it does not really constitute diversity of varying beliefs and practices. Through out our lives we will be confronted with certain types of social stratification in our everyday lives within certain cultures and societies therefore we need to explore the Functionalist approach and the Marxists Approach. Like the functionalists, Marxists agree that education is functional in that it maintains the dominance of certain powerful groups in society. Unlike the functionalists, however, Marxists do not believe that it works for the benefit of all. Instead Marxists argue that the education system sustains one small group’s ideas about appropriate forms of schooling and assumptions about what knowledge is. The system also maintains different levels of access to knowledge for different groups and thereby prohibits the widespread dissemination of knowledge to everyone. From a functionalist perspective, the main parts of society (its institutions such as education, religion and the family) are the foundations for social structure. These institutions have interconnected roles and interrelated norms to form a complete system. All of the institutions have a role to meet the functional prerequisites (society’s basic needs). Integration between the parts is necessary so therefore integration is a functional prerequisite in itself. Social relations are organized, in result of values providing general guidelines for behavior. These state that the function is a consequence, which adds to the stability of the system. A dysfunction is a consequence, which takes away stability from the system of social stratification. There are certain institutions, among them include the family, religion and economy, etc. , which aid the structure of society. These institutions, working in order, with harmony, will not only increase the stability of social stratification, but will add to it. The functionalist will then point out that these institutions, while independent of each other, have a shared system of values which guides them and helps hold the society together. To find out what function each institution performs in the whole social stratification system, one must ask themselves the question of what are the consequences of each institutions contribution to the social stratification of the society Functionalists view on social stratification of our society is centered on their basic interpretations. The role of education is to educate individuals within society and to prepare and qualify them for work in the economy as well as helping to integrate individuals into society and teach them the norms, values and morals of society. Yet there are two sociological theories that differ greatly between them on the role of education. These are Functionalism and Marxism. Like many functionalists, Talcott and Parsons believe that stratification systems derive from common values, it follows from the existence of values that individuals will be evaluated and therefore placed in some form of ranking order. In Parsons words â€Å"Stratification, in its valuational aspect, then is the ranking of units in a social system in accordance with the common value system†. In other words those who perform successfully in terms of society’s values will be ranked highly and they will be likely to receive a variety of rewards. Most societies have different value systems, the ways of attaining a high position will vary from society to society. Parsons argument suggests that stratification is an inevitable part of all human societies and there is a general belief that stratification systems are just, right and proper since they are basically an expression of shared values. In Parsons words he sees social stratification as both inevitable and functional for society, it is inevitable because it derives from shared values which are a necessary part of all social systems and functional because it strives to integrate various groups in society. Functionalists view the role of education as a means of socializing individuals and to integrate society, to keep society running smoothly and remain stable. Durkheim believes that society can only survive if its members are committed to common social values and that education provides these to children and young people as well as raising awareness of their commitment to society. Durkheim also believed that schools teach young people that they must co-operate with their peers and be prepared to listen and learn from their teachers. Individual pupils eventually learn to suspend their own self interests for those of society as a whole, work together and that success in education, just like in society, involves commitment to a value consensus. Bowles and Gintis, writers of ‘Schooling in Capitalist America’ (1976) believe in the ‘Correspondence Principle’, where they suggest that the hierarchy in work is similar to the hierarchy in school, particularly in the differences in social class between state school pupils and fee paying school pupils. Bowles and Gintis also believe that schools are no longer about the teaching of a subject but the social principle or control of the pupils meaning that schools concentrate more on the hidden curriculum than the knowledge process. Equally, schools don’t reward independence and innovation; therefore meritocracy cannot exist within our capitalist society as capitalism is based on the principle of the ruling class (the bourgeois). Bowles and Gintis (1976) refer to the social reproduction theory as a ‘Correspondence Principle’ between schooling and career. This theory suggests that school and careers are closely related and that this correlation is essential for the production of an efficient workforce. For example, the hierarchical structure at school, with the principle at the top and the pupil at the bottom can correspond with life in the workforce where the manager or boss is located at the top and the manual staff at the bottom. Pupils also have little control over what they learn, when they learn it and how; this is, to some extent, decided by the teacher and the curriculum. This is much the same in the workforce where a person may have little option over their task and is set tasks by people above them in the hierarchy. Similarly, Davis and Moore (1945), believed that education is strongly linked to social stratification by members of society and that education ‘sifts, sorts and allocates’ people to their correct place in the economy and society. By rewarding the most talented and most dedicated by allowing them into the highest paid and highest status jobs, education performs the function which is always necessary to Functionalists – differentiating all members of society so that the system runs smoothly. Davis and Moore argued that social stratification exists in every known human society and that all social systems share certain functional prerequisites’ which must be met if the system is to survive and operate efficiently. They regard social stratification as a functional necessity for all societies, and seen it as a solution to a problem faced by all social systems, that of placing and motivating individuals in the social structure, they offer no others means of solving this problem and imply that social inequality is an inevitable feature of human society. Davis and Moore concluded that differential rewards are functional for society, because they contribute to the maintenance and well being of social systems. The Marxists theory on social stratification can be found out by asking the simple question of Who benefits? from the social arrangements of the day. One must look at those who hold the power of the day to find out who benefits. The power elite control the wealth, and impose their will on those who dont control the wealth. This class system of social stratification dates back to the days of Andrew Carnegie, and John D. Rockefeller who where the owners of big business who controlled the lives of their workers. Whoever the power elite want to be in power will be in power. This structure of social stratification will lead to conflicts that have been pre-determined to happen. These conflicts include all social institutions. Marxists, in general, argue that equality is impossible in a class-based society. Like functionalists, they think there is a belief in the link between education and the economy. Functionalists see the link as a positive one, which serves to benefit industrial society, However, Marxists see the education system, existing in order to put children into their class-defined roles in order to benefit capitalist society. Thus, it serves the bourgeoisie well and keepstheproletariatdown. Some researches supported the view that class differences played a role in classrooms. Hargreaves (Luzzo) demonstrated that teachers constantly under-estimated or were ignorant of the power of the peer group in regulating the behavior of pupils. Hargreaves found that boys placed in lower streams were associated with failure at school. Keddie(Luzzo) found that teachers in the humanities department of a mixed comprehensive school tended to see students from the top stream as displaying middle class conforming behaviors, and students from the lower streams as having working class noisy behaviors. Marx predicted a new and final epoch. A society would have complete equality. There would be no new force of production but the relations of production will be transformed. The ownership of production would be collective, as the members of society would share the wealth. The ruling class would no longer exploit or oppress the workers. It is interesting how Functionalists see people as unequal a positive thing and Marxists believe it a negative one. Karl Marx was struck by the inequalities the capitalist system creates. Marx’s theory was that there are two main classes in society, those who own the means of production and those who do not; he recognized that class systems are much more complex. Marx believed that there are splits which can occur among the classes. Examples of these are within the upper classes there are often conflicts between financial capitalists and manufactures. Marx’s concept of class directs us towards objectively structured economic inequalities in society and that class does not refer to beliefs people hold about their position, but to objective conditions which allow some to have greater access to material rewards than others. Marx believed that large scales of inequalities would persist within industrialized countries as the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor. American sociologist Erik Olin Wright has developed a theoretical position which owes much to Marx, but also incorporates ideas from Weber (Wright 1978-1985). According to Wright, there are three dimensions of control over economic resources in modern capitalist production, and these allow us to identify the major classes which exist ie: 1)Control over investments and money capital. 2)Control over the physical means of production (Land or factories and offices. 3)Control over labour power. Those who belong to the capital class have control over each of these dimensions within the production system and members of the working class have control over none of them. In between these two main classes, however there are groups whose position is more ambiguous. These people are what Wright called contradictory class locations because they are able to influence some aspects of production but are denied control over others. Wright terms the class position of such workers as ‘contradictory’ because they are neither capitalists nor manual workers, yet they share certain common features with each. Melvin Tumin a critique of Davis and Moore argues that they have ignored the influence of power on the unequal distribution of rewards. Tumin concludes that stratification by its very nature can never adequately perform the functions which Davis and Moore assign to it. Tumin argues that those born into the lower strata can never have the same opportunities for realizing their talents as those born into the higher strata. Tumin believes that stratification can weaken social integration by giving members of the lower strata a feeling of being excluded from participation in the larger society. Tumin concluded that their enthuastic search for positive functions of stratification Davis and Moore have ignored or tried to play down its many dysfunctions. The time I have spent looking at social stratification has brought me to the conclusion both the structural-functionalist and the social conflict theorists have very strong and explained theories. I believe that in today’s world the structural-functionalist theory is very accurate and seems to be true in our everyday lives. The media makes it so clear to everyone that an education is the only way to make it in the world. The world has advanced tremendously in the past century and continues to expand in technology, making it essential to have a college background and extensive educational background. It’s our choice on where we want to go in life and I feel that no one can shape it for us, we must do it ourselves. We can not live in this world without structure, although personally I think the Marxists approach works better for society as people can change their positions within our society through hard work. The functionalist approach works better for certain societies therefore why would we change it if it is working effectively, although within certain cultures social stratification produces a lot of inequalities which is vital for that society to work. Giddens. (1997). Stratification and Class Structure. In: Anthony Giddens Sociology third edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers ltd. 240-282. Ken Browne. (1998). Social Stratification. In: Polity Press an introduction to Sociology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Haralambos and Holborn. (1995). Social Stratification. In: Micahel Haralambos and Martin Holborn SOCIOLOGY Themes and Perspectives. 4th ed. London: HarperCollins Publishers. 21-122. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore with a response by Melvin Tumin. (1996). Class readings in Sociology. Available: soc. iastate. edu/sapp/DavisMoore. html. Last accessed 18th Nov 2010. ________________________________________

Analysis of the Somalian telecommunication industry

Analysis of the Somalian telecommunication industry Telecommunication industry of Somalia is a rapid evolution of technology in Somalia and people access to it comes as several telecommunication companies here jockey for customers amid the absence of strong government-regulated phone and internet access. The competition to supply phone service has stocked the nascent revival of Somalis shattered economy and it shows that business can thrive even in one of Africa latest developed markets. Backed by expertise from China, Korea and Europe and funded from their own pockets Somali telecom entrepreneurs are providing in expensive mobile phone service. Users can conduct money transfers via mobile phones and gain internet access, both wireless functions that aren’t widely available in many other parts of Africa. The success of Somalia’s telecom sector is not all that unusual for a war -shattered economy, experts say. In countries with shaky economic foundation, such as Afghanistan and the democratic republic of Congo, telecommu nication is missing infrastructure. The first private telecommunications company to operate in Somalia after Somali government collapsed in 1991, was Telecom Somalia in 1994, Hormud Telecom in 2002 and Nationlink Telecom in 1997, they all offers all telecommunication services, the three companies signed an alliance and interconnection deal in 2005 that allows them to set prices and to control the newly other in entrant companies Like Somafone Telecommunication and others. Hormuud Telecom Somali Hormud Telecom (HorTel) is a privately held enterprise established in April 2002, its head quarter is in Mogadishu, and it expands south and central of Somalia. more than 600 Somali investors have shared in Hormuud Telecom and its leading telecommunication in southern and central of Somalia, and it employs over 4000 people, comprised of full time and part time staff, dealers, etc. Hormud Telecom has received numerous awards in recognition of its grass-roots work in developing the local commun ity welfare such as supporting educational institutions ,social development and charity , provides a variety of telecommunication service such as Fixed line, GSM service and Data service ,E voucher, and Zaad service. Hormuuds chief executive ,Ahmed Mohamed yusuf Started his business selling bread and spaghetti ,he later opened a popular supermarket ,but like his competitors he saw huge gaps in telecom sector â€Å"everyone wants to get in touch with his brother or sister, whether inside or outside the country, to hear the latest news† says the 50-year old CEO. In 2002 he pooled money with friends and investors and launched Hormuud Telecom providing telecommunication and later expanded to bank and mobile money transfer and now Hormuud Telecom Inc has a sales of about $40 million a year.    However Hormuud expands and covers their network all south and central of Somali and they have two trade makers in other parts of Somalia, like Telesom in northwest and Golis in north east . Literature review Innovation is an idea, product or process that is a new to adopter (Hage and Aiken 1973) and other deffination by Damanpour (1991: 556): â€Å"Innovation can be a new product or service, a new production process technology, a new structure or administrative system, or a new plan or program pertaining to organizational members.